We can make it simple as like this story:
as example you want to send some gift to your cousin, someone stole it and change the gift’s brand with another one. The gift’s condition is still the same but have another brand with it.
And when your cousin want to give thanks card to back to you, that person who stole your gift before, stole the card & change some words inside the card and give it to you.

But you and your cousin don’t realize that someone has changed the gift’s brand and the words inside the cards.

We can change that story above: you as your computer and your cousin as web that you want to get logged into. And this person who stolling things is an attacker who want to get your username and password. And without realizing, this person has succeed to get your password.
If you still don’t understand, here the complex one:

The Attack

Because the ARP replies have been forged, the target computer sends frames that were meant for the original destination to the attacker’s computer first so the frames can be read. A successful APR attempt is invisible to the user. Since the end user never sees the ARP poisoning, they will surf online like normal while the attacker is collecting data from the session. The data collected can be passwords to e-mail, banking accounts, or websites. This kind of attack is also known as “Man in the Middle Attack”. This kind of attack basically works like this:

1. Attackers PC sends poisoned ARP request to the gateway device (router)

2. The gateway device now thinks the route to any PC on the subnet needs to go though the attackers PC.

3. All hosts on the subnet thinks the attackers IP/MAC is the gateway and they send all traffic though that computer.

4. The attacking PC forwards the data to the gateway.

So what you end up having is one PC (attacker) sees all traffic on the network. If this attack is aimed at one user, the attacker can just spoof the victims MAC to his own and only affect that MAC on the subnet. Keep in mind that the gateway (router) is designed to have larger routing tables and many sessions connected to it at once. Most PCs can not handle too many routes and sessions, so the attacker’s PC has to be fast (this depends on the volume of traffic on the subnet) to keep up with the flow of data. In some cases a network can crash or freeze if the attacker’s PC is unable to route the data effectively. The network crashes, because the number packets dropping due to the fact the attacker’s PC is unable to keep up with the flow of data.

Now a lot of people think they’re safe, because their home network is inside their house. Well this is not true! First things first, you should always have a firewall on any internet connection. An attacker can just as easily spoof the ISP’s devices (Cable modem or DSL router) to get all your outbound data. If you are using wireless, remember to setup encryption, otherwise you have just invited attackers into your home with no firewall to block them. I have driven in many cities with my wireless card on and saw over 60% of all APs unsecured. There is a sport called Wardriving that involves driving in your car with a wireless network card to find available networks. Most Wardrivers do not connect to the networks they find, but they do document them (normally with GPS). The idea behind Wardriving is just to see how many APs you can find, and this sport has caught on big in the US. It would be very easy to get an IP on a wireless network and then ARP Poison the subnet. This can be done in less than 2 minutes on an open wireless access point. Once the attacker is on your subnet they can start receiving all of your data, so, if you buy anything online, the attacker now has you credit card information. There are ways to prevent this kind of attack, but most switches are vulnerable. To prevent ARP Poisoning you need a switch that supports security features, and most vendors’ equipment can handle this. On the other hand, these kinds of switch devices normally cost more money.

Keep in mind that there are many free tools on the internet that perform ARP Poisoning/Spoofing. It is not hard to use the tools, and, with more and more home users going wireless, the risk of an attacker getting your data keeps rising. The best thing to do for protection is to understand the basics of your network, and, if you want wireless, make sure you have WEP enabled.

The Good Guys (Network Engineers)

6So far we have covered how attackers use APR Poisoning to intercept user’s data, but there are also good reasons to ARP Poison a network. Most network engineers need to sniff the protocols on a network to make sure the data is flowing correctly. The problem with sniffing on a switched network is that you can only see data bound to your interface and broadcast traffic. On unmanaged switches there is no way to see all host traffic to inspect it. With ARP Poisoning you can now divert all traffic to pass though the sniffers interface and see all data on the network. Now the good guys can analyze the traffic for possible issues. Admins & Engineers may be troubleshooting speed issues on a subnet and need to see all the traffic. Once you spoof the subnet to sniff the traffic, you will be able to see if viruses or a bad NIC card is causing a broadcast storm on the subnet. With any tool there are always good and bad uses. The thing to remember is be careful of what you do online, because anyone could be monitoring you.

Preventation:
-There are good tools like Arpwatch around . One of the ways is to enter static mac address entries so ur computer doesnt broadcast arp request but still other routers can be poisoned and u are still in half water . Use outpost firewall it has a plugin to block mac address so u can block all those unneeded hosts also sygate keeps a good watch on arp . But still arp is very much exploitable . U can kick anyone out of network no matter what they use . There are techniques to stop like Port security on switches ,etc.

-ARP spoofing attacks protection.
ARP Guard is a system that forms an active protection shield against internal ARP attacks. The ARP Guard early warning system constantly analyzes all ARP messages, sends out appropriate alerts in real-time and identifies the source of the attack. This protection system from ARP spoofing attacks can be configured not only to raise an alarm, if an ARP attack has been sensed, but even to automatically defend against the attacker. ARP Guard easily integrates with your existing IT security environments, such as firewalls, virus scanners, or intrusion detection systems, and forms an active and reliable shield against ARP spoofing.

Next is, DNS Poisoning is also one of practical hacking, but is different with ARP. The hacker will make some web that exactly the same with the original one. Then he will upload it, and redirecting everyone to go to his/her website rather than to the original one. When someone enter his/her login id and password, it will be captured by the hacker, then he/she will forward your id & password to the original one and give back the original web result to you, so you don’t ever know when he/she has got your id & password.

Here some prevention for DNS poisoning:

Recommended Defenses Against DNS Cache Poisoning

Users of BIND
When attempting to protect yourself against a DNS spoofing attack, you have to consider the different aspects of the attack and where you fit in. For instance, do you want to prevent against your users being returned bogus data? Or are you trying to prevent your domain name from being hijacked? In any DNS spoofing attack there are two victims – the hijacked domain owner, who is losing traffic to his site, and the end user who gets redirected to a phony IP address.

Domain Owner
For a domain owner, there is little you can do to protect against someone spoofing your domain name to a vulnerable nameserver. If you are running a webserver, consider using SSL to authenticate yourself to browsers. Eventually DNSSec will allow all domain servers to have cryptographically signed records, but it is not widely implemented at this time. Even detecting such an attack would be difficult, since the hijack would be largely independent of your servers. Be on the lookout for short denial-of-service attacks; they may indicate someone trying to slow your server down temporarily or crash it in order to complete a spoofing attempt.

ISP Nameserver Admin
You can upgrade BIND to the latest version in the 9.x series, which is not vulnerable to this attack. Alternatively you may try using djbdns, an alternative to BIND written by D. J. Bernstein, author of the MTA program qmail. The djbdns software comes with a security guarantee, basically offering a monetary reward to anyone who publicly discloses legitimate buffer-overflow vulnerabilities in djbdns. Although the guarantee doesn’t cover cache-poisoning attacks, I will show later in this article that djbdns offers much greater protection against such attacks when deployed properly.

Disable recursive queries from the outside world, using split-split DNS if possible (see illustration 7). Split-split DNS means you have 2 nameservers; one to serve your public domain information to the outside world, and one to do recursive queries for your users. The public server should not allow recursive queries, and the recursive (caching) server should be protected from the Internet by a firewall.

This is sometimes confused with split DNS, where the internal server forwards requests to the outside server which makes recursive queries on its behalf. This arrangement offers no protection against cache poisoning, and should be avoided.

If you cannot use split-split DNS, you should at least try to restrict who can do recursive queries from your nameserver. Using the “allow-recursion” option doesn’t give you very much protection – remember, the attacker is already spoofing the source IP address, so it is just a matter of them knowing which addresses are allowed to do recursive queries. If possible, use the “listen-on” option to bind the nameserver daemon to an interface that is protected from the outside world.

End User
Urge your ISP/company to upgrade BIND. If they are not open to this, you can always run your own recursive resolver and bypass the ISP’s nameservers. Practice safe computing; keep antivirus software updated and signatures current. Always confirm SSL certificates when making secure online transactions. If you suspect a site is being spoofed, you can make use of the ARIN whois records to determine whether an IP address actually belongs to the organization that owns the domain name.

Vendor
This vulnerability could be remedied by changing the behavior of BIND 8 and 4 to only send one request for any number of queries for the same name. BIND 9 already does this, so it is more likely the vendor will just urge people to upgrade instead. However, BIND 9 also demonstrates the same behavior of reusing source ports. This should be corrected, as it would make any new attacks on the PRNG harder to execute.

Film Eagle’s Eye ini menceritakan tentang adanya cyber terorism yang dilakukan oleh sebuah komputer yang dapat berpikir sendiri. Bahkan komputer ini pun membunuh orang yang telah memprogramnya. Dikarenakan itulah banyak sekali kejatahatan yang dapat terjadi dikarenakan oleh kemajuan teknologi.

Lalu apakah cyber terrorism itu?
Cyber terrorism adalah kejahatan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi yang cukup advance, contohnya saja hacking. Hacking dapat disebut sebagai cyber terrorism dikarenakan banyak sekali menggunakan teknologi, yaitu komputer maupun beberapa barang teknologi lainnya yang dapat berhubungan dengan jaringan teknologi lainnya.

Dari tulisan di atas, kita dapat mengambil kesimpulan bahwa teknologi itu selain dapat membantu kita dalam keseharian, juga dapat membantu orang lain untuk melakukan kejatahatan dengan mudah, karena bukanlah tidak mungkin beberapa tahun lagi, semua benda elektronik dapat saling berhubungan melalui jaringan komputer.
Dikarenakan itulah sebelum hal tersebut terjadi, dalam mempelajari ilmu hacking kita perlu memiliki attitude yaitu dapat menentukan apa yang baik dilakukan dan apa yang jangan dilakukan oleh diri kita.

[edit] Well-known ports: 0–1023
Port Description Status
0/TCP,UDP Reserved Official
1/TCP,UDP TCP Port Service Multiplexer Official
2/TCP,UDP Management Utility Official
3/TCP,UDP Compression Process Official
5/TCP,UDP Remote Job Entry Official
7/TCP,UDP Echo Official
9/TCP,UDP Discard Official
11/TCP,UDP Active Users Official
13/TCP,UDP DAYTIME – (RFC 867) Official
17/TCP,UDP Quote of the Day Official
18/TCP,UDP Message Send Protocol Official
19/TCP,UDP Character Generator Official
20/TCP FTP – data Official
21/TCP FTP—control (command) Official
22/TCP,UDP Secure Shell (SSH)—used for secure logins, file transfers (scp, sftp) and port forwarding Official
23/TCP Telnet protocol—unencrypted text communications Official
25/TCP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)—used for e-mail routing between mail servers Official
34/TCP,UDP Remote File (RF)—used to transfer files between machines Unofficial
35/TCP,UDP Any private printer server protocol Official
35/TCP,UDP QMS Magicolor 2 printer server protocol Unofficial
37/TCP,UDP TIME protocol Official
39/TCP,UDP Resource Location Protocol[2] (RLP)—used for determining the location of higher level services from hosts on a network Official
41/TCP,UDP Graphics Official
42/TCP,UDP nameserver, ARPA Host Name Server Protocol Official
42/TCP,UDP WINS Unofficial
43/TCP WHOIS protocol Official
49/TCP,UDP TACACS aka TACOS Login Host protocol Official
52/TCP,UDP XNS (Xerox Network Services) Time Protocol Official
53/TCP,UDP Domain Name System (DNS) Official
54/TCP,UDP XNS (Xerox Network Services) Clearinghouse Official
55/TCP,UDP ISI-GL (ISI Graphics Language) Unofficial
56/TCP,UDP XNS (Xerox Network Services) Authentication Official
56/TCP,UDP RAP (Route Access Protocol)[3] Unofficial
57/TCP MTP, Mail Transfer Protocol Unofficial
58/TCP,UDP XNS (Xerox Network Services) Mail Official
67/UDP Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) Server; also used by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Official
68/UDP Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) Client; also used by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Official
69/UDP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) Official
70/TCP Gopher protocol Official
79/TCP Finger protocol Official
80/TCP,UDP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Official
81/TCP Torpark—Onion routing Unofficial
82/UDP Torpark—Control Unofficial
83/TCP MIT ML Device Official
88/TCP,UDP Kerberos—authentication system Official
90/TCP,UDP dnsix (DoD Network Security for Information Exchange) Securit Attribute Token Map Official
90/TCP,UDP Pointcast Unofficial
99/TCP WIP Message Protocol Unofficial
101/TCP NIC host name Official
102/TCP ISO-TSAP (Transport Service Access Point) Class 0 protocol[4] Official
104/TCP,UDP ACR/NEMA Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Official
107/TCP Remote TELNET Service[5] protocol Official
109/TCP Post Office Protocol 2 (POP2) Official
110/TCP Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) Official
111/TCP,UDP Sun Remote Procedure Call Official
113/UDP ident—user identification system, used by IRC servers to identify users Official
113/TCP,UDP Authentication Service (auth) Official
115/TCP Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) Official
117/TCP UUCP Path Service Official
118/TCP,UDP SQL (Structured Query Language) Services Official
119/TCP Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)—used for retrieving newsgroup messages Official
123/UDP Network Time Protocol (NTP)—used for time synchronization Official
135/TCP,UDP DCE endpoint resolution Official
135/TCP,UDP Microsoft EPMAP (End Point Mapper), also known as DCE/RPC Locator service[6], used to remotely manage services including DHCP server, DNS server and WINS. Also used by DCOM Unofficial
137/TCP,UDP NetBIOS NetBIOS Name Service Official
138/TCP,UDP NetBIOS NetBIOS Datagram Service Official
139/TCP,UDP NetBIOS NetBIOS Session Service Official
143/TCP,UDP Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)—used for retrieving, organizing, and synchronizing e-mail messages Official
152/TCP,UDP Background File Transfer Program (BFTP)[7] Official
153/TCP,UDP SGMP, Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol Official
156/TCP,UDP SQL Service Official
158/TCP,UDP DMSP, Distributed Mail Service Protocol Unofficial
161/TCP,UDP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Official
162/TCP,UDP Simple Network Management Protocol Trap (SNMPTRAP)[8] Official
170/TCP Print-srv, Network PostScript Official
177/TCP,UDP X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) Official
179/TCP BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Official
194/TCP,UDP IRC (Internet Relay Chat) Official
199/TCP,UDP SMUX, SNMP Unix Multiplexer Official
201/TCP,UDP AppleTalk Routing Maintenance Official
209/TCP,UDP The Quick Mail Transfer Protocol Official
213/TCP,UDP IPX Official
218/TCP,UDP MPP, Message Posting Protocol Official
220/TCP,UDP IMAP, Interactive Mail Access Protocol, version 3 Official
259/TCP,UDP ESRO, Efficient Short Remote Operations Official
264/TCP,UDP BGMP, Border Gateway Multicast Protocol Official
311/TCP Mac OS X Server Admin (officially AppleShare IP Web administration) Official
308/TCP Novastor Online Backup Official
318/TCP,UDP PKIX TSP, Time Stamp Protocol Official
323/TCP,UDP IMMP, Internet Message Mapping Protocol Unofficial
350/TCP,UDP MATIP-Type A, Mapping of Airline Traffic over Internet Protocol Official
351/TCP,UDP MATIP-Type B, Mapping of Airline Traffic over Internet Protocol Official
366/TCP,UDP ODMR, On-Demand Mail Relay Official
369/TCP,UDP Rpc2portmap Official
370/TCP,UDP codaauth2 – Coda authentication server Unofficial
370/TCP,UDP securecast1 – Outgoing packets to NAI’s servers, http://www.nai.com/asp_set/anti_virus/alerts/faq.as Unofficial
371/TCP,UDP ClearCase albd Official
383/TCP,UDP HP data alarm manager Official
384/TCP,UDP A Remote Network Server System Official
387/TCP,UDP AURP, AppleTalk Update-based Routing Protocol Official
389/TCP,UDP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Official
401/TCP,UDP UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply Official
402/TCP Altiris, Altiris Deployment Client Unofficial
411/TCP Direct Connect Hub Unofficial
412/TCP Direct Connect Client-to-Client Unofficial
427/TCP,UDP Service Location Protocol (SLP) Official
443/TCP,UDP Hypertext Transfer Protocol over TLS/SSL (HTTPS) Official
444/TCP,UDP SNPP, Simple Network Paging Protocol (RFC 1568) Official
445/TCP Microsoft-DS Active Directory, Windows shares Official
445/UDP Microsoft-DS SMB file sharing Official
464/TCP,UDP Kerberos Change/Set password Official
465/TCP Cisco protocol Unofficial
465/TCP SMTP over SSL Unofficial
475/TCP tcpnethaspsrv (Hasp services, TCP/IP version) Official
497/TCP Dantz Retrospect Official
500/UDP Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) Official
501/TCP STMF, Simple Transportation Management Framework – DOT NTCIP 1101 Unofficial
502/TCP,UDP Modbus, Protocol Unofficial
504/TCP,UDP Citadel – multiservice protocol for dedicated clients for the Citadel groupware system Official
510/TCP First Class Protocol Unofficial
512/TCP Rexec, Remote Process Execution Official
512/UDP comsat, together with biff Official
513/TCP Login Official
513/UDP Who Official
514/TCP Shell—used to execute non-interactive commands on a remote system Official
514/UDP Syslog—used for system logging Official
515/TCP Line Printer Daemon—print service Official
517/UDP Talk Official
518/UDP NTalk Official
520/TCP efs, extended file name server Official
520/UDP Routing—RIP Official
524/TCP,UDP NCP (NetWare Core Protocol) is used for a variety things such as access to primary NetWare server resources, Time Synchronization, etc. Official
525/UDP Timed, Timeserver Official
530/TCP,UDP RPC Official
531/TCP,UDP AOL Instant Messenger, IRC Unofficial
532/TCP netnews Official
533/UDP netwall, For Emergency Broadcasts Official
540/TCP UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol) Official
542/TCP,UDP commerce (Commerce Applications) Official
543/TCP klogin, Kerberos login Official
544/TCP kshell, Kerberos Remote shell Official
546/TCP,UDP DHCPv6 client Official
547/TCP,UDP DHCPv6 server Official
548/TCP Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) over TCP Official
550/UDP new-rwho, new-who Official
554/TCP,UDP Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) Official
556/TCP Remotefs, RFS, rfs_server Official
560/UDP rmonitor, Remote Monitor Official
561/UDP monitor Official
563/TCP,UDP NNTP protocol over TLS/SSL (NNTPS) Official
587/TCP e-mail message submission[9] (SMTP) Official
591/TCP FileMaker 6.0 (and later) Web Sharing (HTTP Alternate, also see port 80) Official
593/TCP,UDP HTTP RPC Ep Map, Remote procedure call over Hypertext Transfer Protocol, often used by Distributed Component Object Model services and Microsoft Exchange Server Official
604/TCP TUNNEL profile[10], a protocol for BEEP peers to form an application layer tunnel Official
623/UDP ASF Remote Management and Control Protocol (ASF-RMCP) Official
631/TCP,UDP Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) Official
636/TCP,UDP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol over TLS/SSL (LDAPS) Official
639/TCP,UDP MSDP, Multicast Source Discovery Protocol Official
641/TCP,UDP SupportSoft Nexus Remote Command (control/listening): A proxy gateway connecting remote control traffic Official
646/TCP,UDP LDP, Label Distribution Protocol, a routing protocol used in MPLS networks Official
647/TCP DHCP Failover protocol[11] Official
648/TCP RRP (Registry Registrar Protocol)[12] Official
652/TCP DTCP, Dynamic Tunnel Configuration Protocol Unofficial
653/TCP,UDP SupportSoft Nexus Remote Command (data): A proxy gateway connecting remote control traffic Official
654/TCP AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) Official
655/TCP IEEE MMS (IEEE Media Management System)[13][14] Official
657/TCP,UDP IBM RMC (Remote monitoring and Control) protocol, used by System p5 AIX Integrated Virtualization Manager (IVM)[15] and Hardware Management Console to connect managed logical partitions (LPAR) to enable dynamic partition reconfiguration Official
660/TCP Mac OS X Server administration Official
665/TCP sun-dr, Remote Dynamic Reconfiguration Unofficial
666/UDP Doom, first online first-person shooter Official
674/TCP ACAP (Application Configuration Access Protocol) Official
691/TCP MS Exchange Routing Official
692/TCP Hyperwave-ISP Official
694/UDP Linux-HA High availability Heartbeat Unofficial
695/TCP IEEE-MMS-SSL (IEEE Media Management System over SSL)[16] Official
698/UDP OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) Official
699/TCP Access Network Official
700/TCP EPP (Extensible Provisioning Protocol), a protocol for communication between domain name registries and registrars (RFC 4934) Official
701/TCP LMP (Link Management Protocol (Internet))[17], a protocol that runs between a pair of nodes and is used to manage traffic engineering (TE) links Official
702/TCP IRIS[18][19] (Internet Registry Information Service) over BEEP (Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol)[20] (RFC 3983) Official
706/TCP SILC, Secure Internet Live Conferencing Official
711/TCP Cisco TDP, Tag Distribution Protocol[21][22][23]—being replaced by the MPLS Label Distribution Protocol[24] Official
712/TCP TBRPF, Topology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding routing protocol (RFC 3684) Official
712/UDP Promise RAID Controller Unofficial
720/TCP SMQP, Simple Message Queue Protocol Unofficial
749/TCP,UDP Kerberos administration Official
750/TCP rfile Official
750/UDP loadav Official
750/UDP kerberos-iv, Kerberos version IV Official
751/TCP,UDP pump Official
751/TCP,UDP kerberos_master, Kerberos authentication Unofficial
752/TCP qrh Official
752/UDP qrh Official
752/UDP userreg_server, Kerberos Password (kpasswd) server Unofficial
753/TCP Reverse Routing Header (rrh)[25] Official
753/UDP Reverse Routing Header (rrh) Official
753/UDP passwd_server, Kerberos userreg server Unofficial
754/TCP tell send Official
754/TCP krb5_prop, Kerberos v5 slave propagation Unofficial
754/UDP tell send Official
760/TCP,UDP ns Official
760/TCP,UDP krbupdate [kreg], Kerberos registration Unofficial
782/TCP Conserver serial-console management server Unofficial
783/TCP SpamAssassin spamd daemon Unofficial
829/TCP CMP (Certificate Management Protocol) Unofficial
843/TCP Adobe Flash socket policy server Unofficial
860/TCP iSCSI (RFC 3720) Official
873/TCP rsync file synchronisation protocol Official
888/TCP cddbp, CD DataBase (CDDB) protocol (CDDBP)—unassigned but widespread use Unofficial
901/TCP Samba Web Administration Tool (SWAT) Unofficial
901/TCP, UDP VMware Virtual Infrastructure Client (UDP from server being managed to management console) Unofficial
902/TCP VMware Server Console (TCP from management console to server being Managed) Unofficial
902/UDP VMware Server Console (UDP from server being managed to management console) Unofficial
903/TCP VMware Remote Console [26] Unofficial
904/TCP VMware Server Alternate (if 902 is in use, i.e. SUSE linux) Unofficial
911/TCP Network Console on Acid (NCA)—local tty redirection over OpenSSH Unofficial
953/TCP,UDP Domain Name System (DNS) RDNC Service Unofficial
981/TCP SofaWare Technologies Remote HTTPS management for firewall devices running embedded Check Point FireWall-1 software Unofficial
989/TCP,UDP FTPS Protocol (data): FTP over TLS/SSL Official
990/TCP,UDP FTPS Protocol (control): FTP over TLS/SSL Official
991/TCP,UDP NAS (Netnews Administration System) Official
992/TCP,UDP TELNET protocol over TLS/SSL Official
993/TCP Internet Message Access Protocol over SSL (IMAPS) Official
995/TCP Post Office Protocol 3 over TLS/SSL (POP3S) Official
999/TCP ScimoreDB Database System Unofficial
1001/TCP JtoMB Unofficial
1023/TCP,UDP Reserved[1] Official

[edit] Registered ports: 1024–49151

Only those ports that are commonly used are listed; for full list, refer to the IANA port list.[1]

When investigating TCP traffic, be careful not to confuse the client and server ports. The client port is incremental, typically beginning at 1024 at boot time and wrapping at 4096. If the port you are investigating is in the lower part of this range, it may be a client port. Stateful firewalls identify the server port, but packet sniffers and stateless firewalls do not. For example, a packet sniffer showing a TCP packet with source port 1080 and destination port 1494 might be either the SOCKetS or Citrix Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) protocols. The only way to know for sure is to examine the initial TCP handshake.

With UDP, client port selection depends on the application and may be incremental, fixed to a nonsensical value, or fixed equal to the server port.
Port Description Status
1024/TCP,UDP Reserved[1] Official
1025/TCP NFS-or-IIS Unofficial
1026/TCP Often utilized by Microsoft DCOM services Unofficial
1029/TCP Often utilized by Microsoft DCOM services Unofficial
1058/TCP,UDP nim, IBM AIX Network Installation Manager (NIM) Official
1059/TCP,UDP nimreg, IBM AIX Network Installation Manager (NIM) Official
1080/TCP SOCKS proxy Official
1085/TCP,UDP WebObjects Official
1098/TCP,UDP rmiactivation, RMI Activation Official
1099/TCP,UDP rmiregistry, RMI Registry Official
1109/TCP,UDP Reserved[1] Official
1109/TCP Kerberos Post Office Protocol (KPOP) Unofficial
1111/UDP EasyBits School network discovery protocol (for Intel’s CMPC platform) Unofficial
1140/TCP,UDP AutoNOC protocol Official
1167/UDP phone, conference calling Unofficial
1169/TCP,UDP Tripwire Official
1176/TCP Perceptive Automation Indigo Home automation server Official
1182/TCP,UDP AcceleNet Intelligent Transfer Protocol Official
1194/TCP,UDP OpenVPN Official
1198/TCP,UDP The cajo project Free dynamic transparent distributed computing in Java Official
1200/TCP scol, protocol used by SCOL 3D virtual worlds server to answer world name resolution client request[27] Official
1200/UDP scol, protocol used by SCOL 3D virtual worlds server to answer world name resolution client request Official
1200/UDP Steam Friends Applet Unofficial
1214/TCP Kazaa Official
1220/TCP QuickTime Streaming Server administration Official
1223/TCP,UDP TGP, TrulyGlobal Protocol, also known as “The Gur Protocol” (named for Gur Kimchi of TrulyGlobal) Official
1234/UDP VLC media player Default port for UDP/RTP stream Unofficial
1236/TCP Symantec BindView Control UNIX Default port for TCP management server connections Unofficial
1241/TCP,UDP Nessus Security Scanner Official
1248/TCP NSClient/NSClient++/NC_Net (Nagios) Unofficial
1270/TCP,UDP Microsoft System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) (formerly Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM)) agent Official
1293/TCP,UDP IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) Official
1311/TCP Dell Open Manage HTTPS Unofficial
1313/TCP Xbiim (Canvii server) Unofficial
1337/TCP PowerFolder P2P Encrypted File Synchronization Program Unofficial
1337/TCP WASTE Encrypted File Sharing Program Unofficial
1352/TCP IBM Lotus Notes/Domino Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol Official
1387/TCP,UDP cadsi-lm, LMS International (formerly Computer Aided Design Software, Inc. (CADSI)) LM Official
1414/TCP IBM WebSphere MQ (formerly known as MQSeries) Official
1417/TCP,UDP Timbuktu Service 1 Port Official
1418/TCP,UDP Timbuktu Service 2 Port Official
1419/TCP,UDP Timbuktu Service 3 Port Official
1420/TCP,UDP Timbuktu Service 4 Port Official
1431/TCP Reverse Gossip Transport Protocol (RGTP), used to access a General-purpose Reverse-Ordered Gossip Gathering System (GROGGS) bulletin board, such as that implemented on the Cambridge University’s Phoenix system Official
1433/TCP MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server database management system) Server Official
1434/UDP MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server database management system) Monitor Official
1494/TCP Citrix XenApp Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) thin client protocol Official
1500/TCP NetGuard GuardianPro firewall (NT4-based) Remote Management Unofficial
1501/UDP NetGuard GuardianPro firewall (NT4-based) Authentication Client Unofficial
1503/TCP,UDP Windows Live Messenger (Whiteboard and Application Sharing) Unofficial
1512/TCP,UDP Microsoft Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) Official
1521/TCP nCube License Manager Official
1521/TCP Oracle database default listener, in future releases official port 2483 Unofficial
1524/TCP,UDP ingreslock, ingres Official
1526/TCP Oracle database common alternative for listener Unofficial
1533/TCP IBM Sametime IM—Virtual Places Chat Microsoft SQL Server Official
1547/TCP,UDP Laplink Official
1550 Gadu-Gadu (direct client-to-client) Unofficial
1581/UDP MIL STD 2045-47001 VMF Official
1589/UDP Cisco VQP (VLAN Query Protocol) / VMPS Unofficial
1645/TCP,UDP radius/radacct, RADIUS authentication protocol (default for Cisco and Juniper Networks RADIUS servers) Unofficial
1627 iSketch Unofficial
1677/TCP,UDP Novell GroupWise clients in client/server access mode Official
1701/UDP Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol (L2F) & Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Official
1716/TCP America’s Army Massively multiplayer online game (MMO) Unofficial
1719/UDP H.323 Registration and alternate communication Official
1720/TCP H.323 Call signalling Official
1723/TCP,UDP Microsoft Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Official
1725/UDP Valve Steam Client Unofficial
1755/TCP,UDP Microsoft Media Services (MMS, ms-streaming) Official
1761/TCP,UDP cft-0 Official
1761/TCP Novell Zenworks Remote Control utility Unofficial
1762–1768/TCP,UDP cft-1 to cft-7 Official
1812/TCP,UDP radius, RADIUS authentication protocol Official
1813/TCP,UDP radacct, RADIUS accounting protocol Official
1863/TCP MSNP (Microsoft Notification Protocol), used by the .NET Messenger Service and a number of Instant Messaging clients Official
1900/UDP Microsoft SSDP Enables discovery of UPnP devices Official
1920/TCP IBM Tivoli Monitoring Console (https) Unofficial
1935/TCP Adobe Systems Macromedia Flash Real Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) “plain” protocol Official
1970/TCP,UDP Danware NetOp Remote Control Official
1971/TCP,UDP Danware NetOp School Official
1972/TCP,UDP InterSystems Caché Official
1975–1977/UDP Cisco TCO (Documentation) Official
1984/TCP Big Brother—network monitoring tool Official
1985/UDP Cisco HSRP Official
1994/TCP,UDP Cisco STUN-SDLC (Serial Tunneling—Synchronous Data Link Control) protocol Official
1998/TCP,UDP Cisco X.25 over TCP (XOT) service Official
2000/TCP,UDP Cisco SCCP (Skinny) Official
2001/UDP CAPTAN Test Stand System Unofficial
2002/TCP Secure Access Control Server (ACS) for Windows Unofficial
2030 Oracle Services for Microsoft Transaction Server Unofficial
2031/TCP,UDP mobrien-chat—obsolete (ex-http://www.mobrien.com) Official
2041/TCP Mail.Ru Agent communication protocol Unofficial
2049/UDP Network File System Official
2049/UDP shilp Official
2053/UDP lot105-ds-upd Lot105 DSuper Updates Official
2053/TCP lot105-ds-upd Lot105 DSuper Updates Official
2053/TCP knetd Kerberos de-multiplexor Unofficial
2056/UDP Civilization 4 multiplayer Unofficial
2073/TCP,UDP DataReel Database Official
2074/TCP,UDP Vertel VMF SA (i.e. App.. SpeakFreely) Official
2082/TCP Infowave Mobility Server Official
2082/TCP CPanel default Unofficial
2083/TCP Secure Radius Service (radsec) Official
2083/TCP CPanel default SSL Unofficial
2086/TCP GNUnet Official
2086/TCP WebHost Manager default Unofficial
2087/TCP WebHost Manager default SSL Unofficial
2095/TCP CPanel default Web mail Unofficial
2096/TCP CPanel default SSL Web mail Unofficial
2102/TCP,UDP zephyr-srv Project Athena Zephyr Notification Service server Official
2103/TCP,UDP zephyr-clt Project Athena Zephyr Notification Service serv-hm connection Official
2104/TCP,UDP zephyr-hm Project Athena Zephyr Notification Service hostmanager Official
2105/TCP,UDP IBM MiniPay Official
2105/TCP,UDP eklogin Kerberos encrypted remote login (rlogin) Unofficial
2105/TCP,UDP zephyr-hm-srv Project Athena Zephyr Notification Service hm-serv connection (should use port 2102) Unofficial
2144/TCP Iron Mountain LiveVault Agent UnOfficial
2145/TCP Iron Mountain LiveVault Agent UnOfficial
2161/TCP APC Agent Official
2181/TCP,UDP EForward-document transport system Official
2190/UDP TiVoConnect Beacon Unofficial
2200/UDP Tuxanci game server[28] Unofficial
2210/TCP,UDP NOAAPORT Broadcast Network Official
2210/TCP MikroTik Remote management for “The Dude” Unofficial
2211/TCP,UDP EMWIN Official
2211/TCP MikroTik Secure management for “The Dude” Unofficial
2212/TCP,UDP LeeCO POS Server Service Official
2212/TCP Port-A-Pour Remote WinBatch Unofficial
2219/TCP,UDP NetIQ NCAP Protocol Official
2220/TCP,UDP NetIQ End2End Official
2222/TCP DirectAdmin default & ESET Unofficial
2223/UDP Microsoft Office OS X antipiracy network monitor Unofficial
2301/TCP HP System Management Redirect to port 2381 Unofficial
2302/UDP ArmA multiplayer (default for game) Unofficial
2302/UDP Halo: Combat Evolved multiplayer Unofficial
2303/UDP ArmA multiplayer (default for server reporting) (default port for game +1) Unofficial
2305/UDP ArmA multiplayer (default for VoN) (default port for game +3) Unofficial
2369/TCP Default for BMC Software CONTROL-M/Server—Configuration Agent, though often changed during installation Official
2370/TCP Default for BMC Software CONTROL-M/Server—to allow the CONTROL-M/Enterprise Manager to connect to the CONTROL-M/Server, though often changed during installation Official
2381/TCP HP Insight Manager default for Web server Unofficial
2401/TCP CVS version control system Unofficial
2404/TCP IEC 60870-5-104, used to send electric power telecontrol messages between two systems via directly connected data circuits Official
2420/UDP Westell Remote Access Official
2427/UDP Cisco MGCP Official
2447/TCP,UDP ovwdb—OpenView Network Node Manager (NNM) daemon Official
2483/TCP,UDP Oracle database listening for unsecure client connections to the listener, replaces port 1521 Official
2484/TCP,UDP Oracle database listening for SSL client connections to the listener Official
2500/TCP THEÒSMESSENGER listening for TheòsMessenger client connections Official
2546/TCP,UDP EVault—Data Protection Services Unofficial
2593/TCP,UDP RunUO—Ultima Online server Unofficial
2598/TCP new ICA—when Session Reliability is enabled, TCP port 2598 replaces port 1494 Unofficial
2612/TCP,UDP QPasa from MQSoftware Official
2700–2800/TCP KnowShowGo P2P Official
2710/TCP XBT Bittorrent Tracker Unofficial
2710/UDP XBT Bittorrent Tracker experimental UDP tracker extension Unofficial
2710/TCP Knuddels.de Unofficial
2713/TCP,UDP Raven Trinity Broker Service Official
2714/TCP,UDP Raven Trinity Data Mover Official
2735/TCP,UDP NetIQ Monitor Console Official
2809/TCP corbaloc:iiop URL, per the CORBA 3.0.3 specification Official
2809/TCP IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) Bootstrap/rmi default Unofficial
2809/UDP corbaloc:iiop URL, per the CORBA 3.0.3 specification. Official
2868/TCP,UDP Norman Proprietary Event Protocol NPEP Official
2944/UDP Megaco Text H.248 Unofficial
2945/UDP Megaco Binary (ASN.1) H.248 Unofficial
2948/TCP,UDP WAP-push Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) Official
2949/TCP,UDP WAP-pushsecure Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) Official
2967/TCP Symantec AntiVirus Corporate Edition Unofficial
3000/TCP Miralix License server Unofficial
3000/UDP Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS), modifiable default Unofficial
3001/TCP Miralix Phone Monitor Unofficial
3002/TCP Miralix CSTA Unofficial
3003/TCP Miralix GreenBox API Unofficial
3004/TCP Miralix InfoLink Unofficial
3005/TCP Miralix TimeOut Unofficial
3006/TCP Miralix SMS Client Connector Unofficial
3007/TCP Miralix OM Server Unofficial
3017/TCP Miralix IVR and Voicemail Unofficial
3025/TCP netpd.org Unofficial
3030/TCP,UDP NetPanzer Unofficial
3050/TCP,UDP gds_db (Interbase/Firebird) Official
3051/TCP,UDP Galaxy Server (Gateway Ticketing Systems) Official
3074/TCP,UDP Xbox LIVE and/or Games for Windows – LIVE Official
3100/TCP HTTP used by Tatsoft as the default listen port Unofficial
3101/TCP Blackberry Enterprise Server communcation to cloud Unofficial
3128/TCP HTTP used by Web caches and the default for the Squid cache Unofficial
3128/TCP HTTP used by Vasavi College of Enginnering, Hyderabad For Proxy Server with IP: 135.135.4.9 for Internet Connection In LAN Unofficial www.vce.ac.in
3128/TCP HTTP used by Tatsoft as the default client connection Unofficial
3225/TCP,UDP FCIP (Fiber Channel over Internet Protocol) Official
3233/TCP,UDP WhiskerControl research control protocol Official
3235/TCP,UDP Galaxy Network Service (Gateway Ticketing Systems) Official
3260/TCP,UDP iSCSI target Official
3268/TCP,UDP msft-gc, Microsoft Global Catalog (LDAP service which contains data from Active Directory forests) Official
3269/TCP,UDP msft-gc-ssl, Microsoft Global Catalog over SSL (similar to port 3268, LDAP over SSL) Official
3283/TCP Apple Remote Desktop reporting (officially Net Assistant, referring to an earlier product) Official
3299/TCP SAP-Router (routing application proxy for SAP R/3) Unofficial
3300/TCP TripleA game server Unofficial
3305/TCP,UDP odette-ftp, Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) Official
3306/TCP,UDP MySQL database system Official
3333/TCP Network Caller ID server Unofficial
3386/TCP,UDP GTP’ 3GPP GSM/UMTS CDR logging protocol Official
3389/TCP Microsoft Terminal Server (RDP) officially registered as Windows Based Terminal (WBT) Official
3396/TCP,UDP Novell NDPS Printer Agent Official
3455/TCP,UDP [RSVP] Reservation Protocol Official
3423/TCP Xware xTrm Communication Protocol Official
3424/TCP Xware xTrm Communication Protocol over SSL Official
3478/TCP,UDP STUN, a protocol for NAT traversal Official
3483/UDP Slim Devices discovery protocol Official
3483/TCP Slim Devices SlimProto protocol Official
3516/TCP,UDP Smartcard Port Official
3532/TCP,UDP Raven Remote Management Control Official
3533/TCP,UDP Raven Remote Management Data Official
3537/TCP,UDP ni-visa-remote Unofficial
3544/UDP Teredo tunneling Official
3632/TCP distributed compiler Official
3689/TCP Digital Audio Access Protocol (DAAP)—used by Apple’s iTunes and AirPort Express Official
3690/TCP,UDP Subversion version control system Official
3702/TCP,UDP Web Services Dynamic Discovery (WS-Discovery), used by various components of Windows Vista Official
3723/TCP,UDP Used by many Battle.net Blizzard games (Diablo II, Warcraft II, Warcraft III, StarCraft) Unofficial
3724/TCP,UDP World of Warcraft Online gaming MMORPG Unofficial
3724/TCP Club Penguin Disney online game for kids Unofficial
3784/TCP,UDP Ventrilo VoIP program used by Ventrilo Unofficial
3785/UDP Ventrilo VoIP program used by Ventrilo Unofficial
3868/TCP,SCTP Diameter base protocol (RFC 3588) Official
3872/TCP Oracle Management Remote Agent Unofficial
3899/TCP Remote Administrator Unofficial
3900/TCP udt_os, IBM UniData UDT OS[29] Official
3945/TCP,UDP EMCADS service, a Giritech product used by G/On Official
3978/UDP OpenTTD game serverlist masterserver Unofficial
3979/TCP,UDP OpenTTD game Unofficial
3999/TCP,UDP Norman distributed scanning service Official
4000/TCP,UDP Diablo II game Unofficial
4007/TCP PrintBuzzer printer monitoring socket server Unofficial
4018/TCP,UDP protocol information and warnings Official
4069/UDP Minger Email Address Verification Protocol[30] Official
4089/TCP,UDP OpenCORE Remote Control Service Official
4093/TCP,UDP PxPlus Client server interface ProvideX Official
4096/TCP,UDP Bridge-Relay Element ASCOM Official
4100 WatchGuard Authentication Applet—default Unofficial
4111/TCP Xgrid Official
4116/TCP,UDP Smartcard-TLS Official
4125/TCP Microsoft Remote Web Workplace administration Unofficial
4201/TCP TinyMUD and various derivatives Unofficial
4226/TCP,UDP Aleph One (game) Unofficial
4224/TCP Cisco Audio Session Tunneling Unofficial
4321/TCP Referral Whois (RWhois) Protocol[31] Official
4500/UDP IPSec NAT Traversal (RFC 3947) Official
4534/UDP Armagetron Advanced default server port Unofficial
4569/UDP Inter-Asterisk eXchange Unofficial
4610–4640/TCP QualiSystems TestShell Suite Services Unofficial
4662/TCP,UDP OrbitNet Message Service Official
4662/TCP often used by eMule Unofficial
4664/TCP Google Desktop Search Unofficial
4664/TCP Default for Unica’s Campaign Listener, though often changed during installation Unofficial
4672/UDP eMule—often used Unofficial
4747/TCP Apprentice Unofficial
4750/TCP BladeLogic Agent Unofficial
4840/TCP,UDP OPC UA TCP Protocol for OPC Unified Architecture from OPC Foundation Official
4843/TCP,UDP OPC UA TCP Protocol over TLS/SSL for OPC Unified Architecture from OPC Foundation Official
4847/TCP,UDP Web Fresh Communication, Quadrion Software & Odorless Entertainment Official
4993/TCP,UDP Home FTP Server web Interface Default Port
4894/TCP,UDP LysKOM Protocol A Official
4899/TCP,UDP Radmin remote administration tool (program sometimes used by a Trojan horse) Official
5000/TCP commplex-main Official
5000/TCP UPnP—Windows network device interoperability Unofficial
5000/TCP,UDP VTun—VPN Software Unofficial
5001/TCP commplex-link Official
5001/TCP,UDP Iperf (Tool for measuring TCP and UDP bandwidth performance) Unofficial
5001/TCP Slingbox and Slingplayer Unofficial
5003/TCP,UDP FileMaker Official
5004/TCP,UDP,DCCP RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) media data (RFC 3551, RFC 4571) Official
5005/TCP,UDP,DCCP RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) control protocol (RFC 3551, RFC 4571) Official
5031/TCP,UDP AVM CAPI-over-TCP (ISDN over Ethernet tunneling) Unofficial
5050/TCP Yahoo! Messenger Unofficial
5051/TCP ita-agent Symantec Intruder Alert[32] Official
5060/TCP,UDP Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Official
5061/TCP Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) over TLS Official
5093/UDP SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) License Administrator Unofficial
5104/TCP IBM Tivoli Framework NetCOOL/Impact[33] HTTP Service Unofficial
5106/TCP A-Talk Common connection Unofficial
5107/TCP A-Talk Remote server connection Unofficial
5110/TCP ProRat Server Unofficial
5121/TCP Neverwinter Nights Unofficial
5151/TCP ESRI SDE Instance Official
5151/UDP ESRI SDE Remote Start Official
5154/TCP,UDP BZFlag Official
5176/TCP ConsoleWorks default UI interface Unofficial
5190/TCP ICQ and AOL Instant Messenger Official
5222/TCP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) client connection (RFC 3920) Official
5223/TCP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) client connection over SSL Unofficial
5269/TCP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) server connection (RFC 3920) Official
5298/TCP,UDP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) link-local messaging Official
5351/TCP,UDP NAT Port Mapping Protocol—client-requested configuration for inbound connections through network address translators Official
5353/UDP Multicast DNS (MDNS) Official
5355/TCP,UDP LLMNR—Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution, allows hosts to perform name resolution for hosts on the same local link (only provided by Windows Vista and Server 2008) Official
5402/TCP,UDP mftp, Stratacache OmniCast content delivery system MFTP file sharing protocol Official
5405/TCP,UDP NetSupport Official
5421/TCP,UDP Net Support 2 Official
5432/TCP,UDP PostgreSQL database system Official
5445/UDP Cisco Unified Video Advantage Unofficial
5495/TCP Applix TM1 Admin server Unofficial
5498/TCP Hotline tracker server connection Unofficial
5499/UDP Hotline tracker server discovery Unofficial
5500/TCP VNC remote desktop protocol—for incoming listening viewer, Hotline control connection Unofficial
5501/TCP Hotline file transfer connection Unofficial
5517/TCP Setiqueue Proxy server client for http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI@Home project Unofficial
5550/TCP Hewlett-Packard Data Protector Unofficial
5555/TCP Freeciv versions up to 2.0, Hewlett-Packard Data Protector, SAP Unofficial
5556/TCP,UDP Freeciv Official
5631/TCP pcANYWHEREdata, Symantec pcAnywhere (version 7.52 and later[34])[35] data Official
5632/UDP pcANYWHEREstat, Symantec pcAnywhere (version 7.52 and later) status Official
5666/TCP NRPE (Nagios) Unofficial
5667/TCP NSCA (Nagios) Unofficial
5723/TCP Operations Manager Unofficial
5800/TCP VNC remote desktop protocol—for use over HTTP Unofficial
5814/TCP,UDP Hewlett-Packard Support Automation (HP OpenView Self-Healing Services) Official
5850/TCP COMIT SE (PCR) Unofficial
5852/TCP Adeona client: communications to OpenDHT Unofficial
5900/TCP,UDP Virtual Network Computing (VNC) remote desktop protocol (used by Apple Remote Desktop and others) Official
5938/TCP,UDP TeamViewer[36] remote desktop protocol Unofficial
5984/TCP,UDP CouchDB database server Official
5999/TCP CVSup [37] file update tool Unknown
6000/TCP X11—used between an X client and server over the network Official
6001/UDP X11—used between an X client and server over the network Official
6005/TCP Default for BMC Software CONTROL-M/Server—Socket used for communication between CONTROL-M processes—though often changed during installation Official
6005/TCP Default for Camfrog Chat & Cam Client http://www.camfrog.com/ Unofficial
6050/TCP Brightstor Arcserve Backup Unofficial
6050/TCP Nortel Software Unofficial
6051/TCP Brightstor Arcserve Backup Unofficial
6072/TCP iOperator Protocol Signal Port Unofficial
6086/TCP PDTP—FTP like file server in a P2P network Official
6100/TCP Vizrt System Unofficial
6101/TCP Backup Exec Agent Browser Unofficial
6110/TCP,UDP softcm, HP Softbench CM Official
6111/TCP,UDP spc, HP Softbench Sub-Process Control Official
6112/TCP,UDP “dtspcd”—a network daemon that accepts requests from clients to execute commands and launch applications remotely Official
6112/TCP Blizzard’s Battle.net gaming service, ArenaNet gaming service Unofficial
6112/TCP Club Penguin Disney online game for kids Unofficial
6113/TCP Club Penguin Disney online game for kids Unofficial
6129/TCP DameWare Remote Control Official
6257/UDP WinMX (see also 6699) Unofficial
6346/TCP,UDP gnutella-svc, Gnutella (FrostWire, Limewire, Shareaza, etc.) Official
6347/TCP,UDP gnutella-rtr, Gnutella alternate Official
6389/TCP EMC Clariion Unofficial
6444/TCP,UDP Sun Grid Engine—Qmaster Service Official
6445/TCP,UDP Sun Grid Engine—Execution Service Official
6502/TCP,UDP Danware Data NetOp Remote Control Unofficial
6522/TCP Gobby (and other libobby-based software) Unofficial
6523/TCP Gobby 0.5 (and other libinfinity-based software) Unofficial
6543/UDP Paradigm Research & Development Jetnet[38] default Unofficial
6566/TCP SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy)—SANE network scanner daemon Unofficial
6571 Windows Live FolderShare client Unofficial
6600/TCP Music Playing Daemon (MPD) Unofficial
6619/TCP,UDP odette-ftps, Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) over TLS/SSL Official
6646/UDP McAfee Network Agent Unofficial
6660–6664/TCP Internet Relay Chat Unofficial
6665–6669/TCP Internet Relay Chat Official
6679/TCP IRC SSL (Secure Internet Relay Chat)—often used Unofficial
6697/TCP IRC SSL (Secure Internet Relay Chat)—often used Unofficial
6699/TCP WinMX (see also 6257) Unofficial
6771/UDP Polycom server broadcast Unofficial
6789/TCP Datalogger Support Software Campbell Scientific Loggernet Software Unofficial
6881–6887/TCP,UDP BitTorrent part of full range of ports used most often Unofficial
6888/TCP,UDP MUSE Official
6888/TCP,UDP BitTorrent part of full range of ports used most often Unofficial
6889–6890/TCP,UDP BitTorrent part of full range of ports used most often Unofficial
6891–6900/TCP,UDP BitTorrent part of full range of ports used most often Unofficial
6891–6900/TCP,UDP Windows Live Messenger (File transfer) Unofficial
6901/TCP,UDP Windows Live Messenger (Voice) Unofficial
6901/TCP,UDP BitTorrent part of full range of ports used most often Unofficial
6902–6968/TCP,UDP BitTorrent part of full range of ports used most often Unofficial
6969/TCP,UDP acmsoda Official
6969/TCP BitTorrent tracker Unofficial
6970–6999/TCP,UDP BitTorrent part of full range of ports used most often Unofficial
7000/TCP Default for Vuze’s built in HTTPS Bittorrent Tracker Unofficial
7001/TCP Default for BEA WebLogic Server’s HTTP server, though often changed during installation Unofficial
7002/TCP Default for BEA WebLogic Server’s HTTPS server, though often changed during installation Unofficial
7005/TCP Default for BMC Software CONTROL-M/Server and CONTROL-M/Agent for Agent-to-Server, though often changed during installation Official
7006/TCP Default for BMC Software CONTROL-M/Server and CONTROL-M/Agent for Server-to-Agent, though often changed during installation Official
7010/TCP Default for Cisco AON AMC (AON Management Console) [1] Unofficial
7025/TCP Zimbra LMTP [mailbox]—local mail delivery Unofficial
7047/TCP Zimbra conversion server Unofficial
7133/TCP Enemy Territory: Quake Wars Unofficial
7171/TCP Tibia Unofficial
7306/TCP Zimbra mysql [mailbox] Unofficial
7307/TCP Zimbra mysql [logger] Unofficial
7312/UDP Sibelius License Server Unofficial
7400/TCP,UDP RTPS (Real Time Publish Subscribe) DDS Discovery Official
7401/TCP,UDP RTPS (Real Time Publish Subscribe) DDS User-Traffic Official
7402/TCP,UDP RTPS (Real Time Publish Subscribe) DDS Meta-Traffic Official
7670/TCP BrettspielWelt BSW Boardgame Portal Unofficial
7676/TCP Aqumin AlphaVision Remote Command Interface Unofficial
7777/TCP iChat server file transfer proxy Unofficial
7777/TCP Default used by Windows backdoor program tini.exe Unofficial
7831/TCP Default used by Smartlaunch Internet Cafe Administration[39] software Unofficial
7915/TCP Default for YSFlight server [2] Unofficial
8000/TCP,UDP iRDMI (Intel Remote Desktop Management Interface)[40]—sometimes erroneously used instead of port 8080 Official
8000–8001/TCP Commonly used for internet radio streams such as those using SHOUTcast Unofficial
8002/TCP Cisco Systems Unified Call Manager Intercluster Unofficial
8008/TCP HTTP Alternate Official
8008/TCP IBM HTTP Server administration default Unofficial
8009/TCP ajp13 – Apache JServ Protocol AJP Connector Unofficial
8010/TCP XMPP File transfers Unofficial
8074/TCP Gadu-Gadu Unofficial
8080/TCP HTTP alternate (http_alt)—commonly used for Web proxy and caching server, or for running a Web server as a non-root user Official
8080/TCP Apache Tomcat Unofficial
8080/UDP FilePhile Master/Relay Unofficial
8081/TCP HTTP alternate, e.g. McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator (ePO) Unofficial
8086/TCP HELM Web Host Automation Windows Control Panel Unofficial
8086/TCP Kaspersky AV Control Center Unofficial
8087/TCP Hosting Accelerator Control Panel Unofficial
8087/TCP Parallels Plesk Control Panel Unofficial
8087/UDP Kaspersky AV Control Center Unofficial
8090/TCP HTTP Alternate (http_alt_alt)—used as an alternative to port 8080 Unofficial
8116/UDP Check Point Cluster Control Protocol Unofficial
8118/TCP Privoxy—advertisement-filtering Web proxy Official
8123/TCP Polipo Web proxy Official
8192/TCP Sophos Remote Management System Unofficial
8193/TCP Sophos Remote Management System Unofficial
8194/TCP Sophos Remote Management System Unofficial
8200/TCP GoToMyPC Unofficial
8222 VMware Server Management User Interface (insecure Web interface)[41]. See also port 8333 Unofficial
8243/TCP,UDP HTTPS listener for Apache Synapse [42] Official
8280/TCP,UDP HTTP listener for Apache Synapse [42] Official
8291/TCP Winbox—Default on a MikroTik RouterOS for a Windows application used to administer MikroTik RouterOS Unofficial
8333 VMware Server Management User Interface (secure Web interface)[41]. See also port 8222 Unofficial
8400/TCP,UDP cvp, Commvault Unified Data Management Official
8443/TCP SW Soft Plesk Control Panel, Apache Tomcat SSL, Promise WebPAM SSL Unofficial
8484/TCP,UDP MapleStory Unofficial
8500/TCP,IPX ColdFusion Macromedia/Adobe ColdFusion default and Duke Nukem 3D—default Unofficial
8501/TCP [3] DukesterX —default Unofficial
8691/TCP Ultra Fractal default server port for distributing calculations over network computers Unofficial
8701/UDP SoftPerfect Bandwidth Manager Unofficial
8702/UDP SoftPerfect Bandwidth Manager Unofficial
8767/UDP TeamSpeak—default Unofficial
8768/UDP TeamSpeak—alternate Unofficial
8880/UDP cddbp-alt, CD DataBase (CDDB) protocol (CDDBP) alternate Official
8880/TCP cddbp-alt, CD DataBase (CDDB) protocol (CDDBP) alternate Official
8880/TCP WebSphere Application Server SOAP connector default Unofficial
8881/TCP Atlasz Informatics Research Ltd Secure Application Server Unofficial
8882/TCP Atlasz Informatics Research Ltd Secure Application Server Unofficial
8888/TCP,UDP NewsEDGE server Official
8888/TCP Sun Answerbook dwhttpd server (deprecated by docs.sun.com) Unofficial
8888/TCP GNUmp3d HTTP music streaming and Web interface Unofficial
8888/TCP LoLo Catcher HTTP Web interface (www.optiform.com) Unofficial
8888/TCP D2GS Admin Console Telnet administration console for D2GS servers (Diablo 2) Unofficial
8888/TCP Earthland Relams 2 Server (AU1_2) Unofficial
8889/TCP Earthland Relams 2 Server (AU1_1) Unofficial
9000/TCP Buffalo LinkSystem Web access Unofficial
9000/TCP DBGp Unofficial
9000/TCP SqueezeCenter web server & streaming Unofficial
9000/UDP UDPCast Unofficial
9001 Microsoft Sharepoint Authoring Environment Official
9001 cisco-xremote router configuration Unofficial
9001 Tor network default Unofficial
9001/TCP DBGp Proxy Unofficial
9009/TCP,UDP Pichat Server—Peer to peer chat software Official
9030/TCP Tor often used Unofficial
9043/TCP WebSphere Application Server Administration Console secure Unofficial
9050/TCP Tor Unofficial
9051/TCP Tor Unofficial
9060/TCP WebSphere Application Server Administration Console Unofficial
9080/UDP glrpc, Groove Collaboration software GLRPC Official
9080/TCP glrpc, Groove Collaboration software GLRPC Official
9080/TCP WebSphere Application Server HTTP Transport (port 1) default Unofficial
9090/TCP Openfire Administration Console Unofficial
9090/TCP SqueezeCenter control (CLI) Unofficial
9091/TCP Openfire Administration Console (SSL Secured) Unofficial
9100/TCP PDL Data Stream Official
9101 Bacula Director Official
9102 Bacula File Daemon Official
9103 Bacula Storage Daemon Official
9105/TCP,UDP Xadmin Control Daemon Official
9110/UDP SSMP Message protocol Unofficial
9119/TCP,UDP MXit Instant Messenger Official
9300/TCP IBM Cognos 8 SOAP Business Intelligence and Performance Management Unofficial
9418/TCP,UDP git, Git pack transfer service Official
9420/TCP MooseFS distributed file system – master server to chunk servers Unofficial
9421/TCP MooseFS distributed file system – master server to clients Unofficial
9422/TCP MooseFS distributed file system – chunk servers to clients Unofficial
9443/TCP WSO2 Web Services Application Server HTTPS transport (officially WSO2 Tungsten HTTPS Official
9443/TCP WebSphere Application Server HTTP Transport (port 2) default Unofficial
9535/TCP mngsuite, LANDesk Management Suite Remote Control Official
9535/TCP BBOS001, IBM Websphere Application Server (WAS) High Avail Mgr Com Unofficial
9535/UDP mngsuite, LANDesk Management Suite Remote Control Official
9800/TCP,UDP WebDAV Source Official
9800 WebCT e-learning portal Unofficial
9875/TCP Club Penguin Disney online game for kids Unofficial
9898/TCP,UDP MonkeyCom Official
9898/TCP Tripwire – File Integrity Monitoring Software Unofficial
9996/TCP,UDP The Palace “The Palace” Virtual Reality Chat software. – 5 Official
9999 Hydranode—edonkey2000 TELNET control Unofficial
9999/TCP Lantronix UDS-10/UDS100[43] RS-485 to Ethernet Converter TELNET control Unofficial
9999 Urchin Web Analytics Unofficial
10000 Webmin—Web-based Linux admin tool Unofficial
10000 BackupExec Unofficial
10000 Ericsson Account Manager (avim) Unofficial
10001/TCP Lantronix UDS-10/UDS100[44] RS-485 to Ethernet Converter default Unofficial
10008/TCP,UDP Octopus Multiplexer, primary port for the CROMP protocol, which provides a platform-independent means for communication of objects across a network Official
10017 AIX,NeXT, HPUX—rexd daemon control Unofficial
10024/TCP Zimbra smtp [mta]—to amavis from postfix Unofficial
10025/TCP Ximbra smtp [mta]—back to postfix from amavis Unofficial
10050/TCP,UDP Zabbix-Agent Official
10051/TCP,UDP Zabbix-Trapper Official
10113/TCP,UDP NetIQ Endpoint Official
10114/TCP,UDP NetIQ Qcheck Official
10115/TCP,UDP NetIQEndpoint Official
10116/TCP,UDP NetIQ VoIP Assessor Official
10200/TCP FRISK Software International’s fpscand virus scanning daemon for Unix platforms [4] Unofficial
10200–10204/TCP FRISK Software International’s f-protd virus scanning daemon for Unix platforms [5] Unofficial
10308 Lock-on: Modern Air Combat Unofficial
10480 SWAT 4 Dedicated Server Unofficial
11211 memcached Unofficial
11235 Savage:Battle for Newerth Server Hosting Unofficial
11294 Blood Quest Online Server Unofficial
11371 OpenPGP HTTP key server Official
11576 IPStor Server management communication Unofficial
12012/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, Korea Server – Status/Version Check Unofficial
12013/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, Korea Server Unofficial
12035/UDP Linden Lab viewer to sim Unofficial
12345 NetBus—remote administration tool (often Trojan horse). Also used by NetBuster. Little Fighter 2 (TCP). Unofficial
12975/TCP LogMeIn Hamachi (VPN tunnel software; also port 32976)—used to connect to Mediation Server (bibi.hamachi.cc); will attempt to use SSL (TCP port 443) if both 12975 & 32976 fail to connect Unofficial
12998–12999/UDP Takenaka RDI Mirror World on SL Unofficial
13000–13050/UDP Linden Lab viewer to sim Unofficial
13076/TCP Default for BMC Software CONTROL-M/Enterprise Manager Corba communication, though often changed during installation Official
13720/TCP,UDP Symantec NetBackup—bprd (formerly VERITAS) Official
13721/TCP,UDP Symantec NetBackup—bpdbm (formerly VERITAS) Official
13724/TCP,UDP Symantec Network Utility—vnetd (formerly VERITAS) Official
13782/TCP,UDP Symantec NetBackup—bpcd (formerly VERITAS) Official
13783/TCP,UDP Symantec VOPIED protocol (formerly VERITAS) Official
13785/TCP,UDP Symantec NetBackup Database—nbdb (formerly VERITAS) Official
13786/TCP,UDP Symantec nomdb (formerly VERITAS) Official
14552/TCP Lasso (programming language) application service Unofficial
14567/UDP Battlefield 1942 and mods Unofficial
15000/TCP psyBNC Unofficial
15000/TCP Wesnoth Unofficial
15000/TCP Kaspersky Network Agent Unofficial
15000/TCP hydap, Hypack Hydrographic Software Packages Data Acquisition Official
15000/UDP hydap, Hypack Hydrographic Software Packages Data Acquisition Official
15567/UDP Battlefield Vietnam and mods Unofficial
15345/TCP,UDP XPilot Contact Official
16000/TCP shroudBNC Unofficial
16080/TCP Mac OS X Server Web (HTTP) service with performance cache[45] Unofficial
16384/UDP Iron Mountain Digital online backup Unofficial
16567/UDP Battlefield 2 and mods Unofficial
18010/TCP Super Dancer Online Extreme(SDO-X) – CiB Net Station Malaysia Server Unofficial
18180/TCP DART Reporting server Unofficial
18200/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, AsiaSoft Thailand Server – Status/Version Check Unofficial
18201/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, AsiaSoft Thailand Server Unofficial
18206/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, AsiaSoft Thailand Server – FAM Database Unofficial
18300/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, AsiaSoft SEA Server – Status/Version Check Unofficial
18301/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, AsiaSoft SEA Server Unofficial
18306/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, AsiaSoft SEA Server – FAM Database Unofficial
18400/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, KAIZEN Brazil Server – Status/Version Check Unofficial
18401/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, KAIZEN Brazil Server Unofficial
18505/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, Nexon Server – Status/Version Check Unofficial
18506/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, Nexon Server Unofficial
18605/TCP,UDP X-BEAT – Status/Version Check
18606/TCP,UDP X-BEAT Unofficial
19000/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, G10/alaplaya Server – Status/Version Check Unofficial
19001/TCP,UDP Audition Online Dance Battle, G10/alaplaya Server Unofficial
19226/TCP Panda Software AdminSecure Communication Agent Unofficial
19638/TCP Ensim Control Panel Unofficial
19771/TCP,UDP Softros LAN Messenger Unofficial
19813/TCP 4D database Client Server Communication Unofficial
19880/TCP Softros LAN Messenger Unofficial
20000 DNP (Distributed Network Protocol), a protocol used in SCADA systems between communicating RTU’s and IED’s Official
20000 Usermin, Web-based user tool Unofficial
20014/TCP DART Reporting server Unofficial
20720/TCP Symantec i3 Web GUI server Unofficial
22347/TCP,UDP WibuKey, WIBU-SYSTEMS AG Software protection system Official
22350/TCP,UDP CodeMeter, WIBU-SYSTEMS AG Software protection system Official
23073 Soldat Dedicated Server Unofficial
23399 Skype Default Protocol Unofficial
23513 [6] Duke Nukem Ports Unofficial
24444 NetBeans integrated development environment Unofficial
24465/TCP,UDP Tonido Directory Server for Tonido which is a Personal Web app and peer-to-peer platform Official
24554/TCP,UDP BINKP, Fidonet mail transfers over TCP/IP Official
24800 Synergy: keyboard/mouse sharing software Unofficial
24842 StepMania: Online: Dance Dance Revolution Simulator Unofficial
25888/UDP Xfire (Firewall Report, UDP_IN) IP Address (206.220.40.146) resolves to gameservertracking.xfire.com. Use unknown. Unofficial
25999/TCP Xfire Unofficial
26000/TCP,UDP id Software’s Quake server Official
26000/TCP CCP’s EVE Online Online gaming MMORPG Unofficial
26900/TCP CCP’s EVE Online Online gaming MMORPG Unofficial
26901/TCP CCP’s EVE Online Online gaming MMORPG Unofficial
27000/UDP (through 27006) id Software’s QuakeWorld master server Unofficial
27000/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27001/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27002/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27003/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27004/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27005/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27006/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27007/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27008/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27009/TCP FLEXnet Publisher’s License server (from the range of default ports) Unofficial
27010 Source engine dedicated server port Unofficial
27015 GoldSrc and Source engine dedicated server port Unofficial
27374 Sub7 default. Most script kiddies do not change from this. Unofficial
27500/UDP (through 27900) id Software’s QuakeWorld Unofficial
27888/UDP Kaillera server Unofficial
27900 (through 27901) Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection Unofficial
27901/UDP (through 27910) id Software’s Quake II master server Unofficial
27960/UDP (through 27969) Activision’s Enemy Territory and id Software’s Quake III Arena and Quake III and some ioquake3 derived games Unofficial
28000 Bitfighter Common/default Bitfighter Server Unofficial
28001 Starsiege: Tribes Common/default Tribes v.1 Server Unofficial
28395/TCP http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Www.SmartSystemsLLC.com&action=edit&redlink=1 Used by Smart Sale 5.0 Unofficial
28910 Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection Unofficial
28960/UDP Call of Duty – Call of Duty: United Offensive – Call of Duty 2 – Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare – Call of Duty: World at War (PC Version) Unofficial
29900 (through 29901) Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection Unofficial
29920 Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection Unofficial
30000 Pokémon Netbattle Unofficial
30301 BitTorrent Unofficial
30564/TCP Multiplicity: keyboard/mouse/clipboard sharing software Unofficial
31337/TCP Back Orifice—remote administration tool (often Trojan horse) Unofficial
31415 ThoughtSignal—Server Communication Service (often Informational) Unofficial
31456/TCP TetriNET IRC gateway on some servers Unofficial
31457/TCP TetriNET Official
31458/TCP TetriNET Used for game spectators Unofficial
32245/TCP MMTSG-mutualed over MMT (encrypted transmission) Unofficial
32976/TCP LogMeIn Hamachi (VPN tunnel software; also port 12975)—used to connect to Mediation Server (bibi.hamachi.cc); will attempt to use SSL (TCP port 443) if both 12975 & 32976 fail to connect Unofficial
33434/TCP,UDP traceroute Official
34443 Linksys PSUS4 print server Unofficial
37777/TCP Digital Video Recorder hardware Unofficial
36963 Counter Strike 2D multiplayer (2D clone of popular CounterStrike computer game) Unofficial
40000/TCP,UDP SafetyNET p Real-time Industrial Ethernet protocol Official
43047/TCP TheòsMessenger second port for service TheòsMessenger Official
43594–43595/TCP RuneScape Unofficial
47808/TCP,UDP BACnet Building Automation and Control Networks Official
49151/TCP,UDP Reserved[1] Official

[edit] Dynamic and/or private ports: 49152–65535

By definition, no ports can be registered in the dynamic range.[1]

Many Linux kernels and/or distros use 32768 to 61000. /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range indicates the range in use.

Elements of security

* Confidentiality: Disclosure of information only to authorized entities

* Integrity: Prevention of unauthorized changes to data

* Authenticity: Confidence that a message was sent by a certain party and not an imposter

* Availability: Guarantee of access to resources

Let’s try to outline in a few words, what computer security is about and which are the key elements of computer security.

The purpose of computer security is to provide a safe computing environment. There are a few key elements that we need to focus on here.

The first key element of computer security is availability. Everyone today is familiar with using computers, and they tend to be more and more important for us at work and at home as well, and many of us are using them lots of hours per day. But we should not take the fact that they do actually work, for granted. It is better to consider that the fact that they do work is pretty much a victory of lots of people involved in computer security, in the tough neverending battle against all damaging factors, like hackers, virus attacks and similar dangers aimed at rendering your computer unusable. We should recall the outbreak of certain viruses even years ago like the CIH virus which was deleting flashable BIOS areas and basically computer motherboards turned dead and in many cases end-users had to purchase a new motherboard in order to fix them. This is an extreme example where a virus almost damages your hardware, but even if the damage is done to software only, like data loss and corrupting file system or operating system, the impact towards our life and daily activities is not smaller. Therefore, availability is the first security factor – we need to have our computer running so we can use it whenever we need to.

The second important computer security key element is data integrity. Computers are all about information – therefore the value resides in the information they can hold. If this information is deleted, corrupted or altered, the value of the information goes down to zero. The damage that can be done to a business by loosing or altering critical information for example, can be devastating. At many times you can recover some of the data but the result is not enough so the effort is useless. There are also cases when you rebuild the data by hand but you do not have any proof that the result matches the original data that has been lost. Then, there is the case where the altered data cannot be recovered as the original source of the information does no longer exist. We need to be sure that whatever we had yesterday in our computer, is still available today and that the information is safe from alterations in any way.

Finally, the third important computer security key element is confidentiality. Needless to say, it is extremely important that the information we have and our actions are safe from prying eyes. Only authorised people should have access to our data. The leakage of information can end up in severe damages to our businesses and lives, if they fall into the wrong hands. There are so many cases when companies went banckrupt after their competitors have manged to hack into their files. There are also cases when personal life is turned upside down if private information about us is discovered by other people. And in many cases, the computer user does not even know how deep the loss of confidentiality can affect them.

In the fight to uphold computer security, we have to make compromises. We have to make the choices that fit us and balance between the advantages of enforced computer security and strong reliability, against the disadvantages that tight security measures do have. The best would be if we keep our computer locked into a safe and having the key with us all the time. But this is not feasible (although I can imagine some people are actually doing this as well). It usually pays back to be paranoid about computer security, and to be aware that we are never safe from all risks, but it is also important to understand that there has to be a limit even in the security measures that we take. If we are aware about the risks and the proper measures that can be taken to prevent these risks from becoming actual damage, then we are able to ensure our computer security and to continue working and living normally, but we have to keep an eye on security since things can change without warning in this field, and we need to be safe.

Jika dilihat dari artikel / catatan kecil di atas, maka dapat kita simpulkan bahwa element-element dalam sekuritas komputer adalah/ terdapat:
- autensifikasi: pengecekan bahwa jika pesan atau data yang diterima oleh kita adalah dari pihak yang kita kenal
- Integritas: pencegahan bahwa data tersebut dapat dirubah atau tidak
-Konfidentialitas: Pencegahan bahwa data tersebut dapat dibuka atau digunakan hanya oleh pihak-pihak tertentu
-Availability: Diperbolehkan atau tidaknya dalam pengaksesan ke dalam suatu data

ada juga penggunaan
<select>
<option>
</select>
yang akan memberikan hasil seperti

2
3

sedangkan pada praktikum kali ini, kami diajarkan beberapa tag baru seperti
<fieldset>
<legend name=border>
</fieldset>

Tag-tag yang digunakan adalah:

-<table></table> –>tag tabel

-<tr></tr> –>berpindah baris

-<td></td> –>berpindah kolom

-<th></th> –>untuk membuat heading table

-<caption></caption> –> untuk membuat judul tabel

adapula tag-tag lainnya yang dimasukkan dalam tag table yaitu:

-cellspacing=lebar border

-cellpadding=jarak antar tulisan dengan tabel

-bgcolor=warna background

-border=besar border tabel

-align=penempatan tabel(left,center,right)

-width=lebar tabel

-height=tinggi tabel

Pada praktikum ke-3:

Kami pertama-tama diberikan modul untuk dipelajari kemudian diberikan quiz secara lisan…

Setelah itu kami dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa grup yang berisikan 5 orang… dan kami disuruh mengerjakan soal..

Dan setelahnya, kami diberikan quiz membuat tabel lagi yang harus kami kerjakan secara perseorangan

<a name=”bab1″>Benar kan?</a>

Sedangkan pada praktikum, kami membahas mengenai marquee dan penggunaan OL dan UL list serta penggunaan link #bab1

-CSS
-Dreamweaver
-HTML
-Javascript

Hanya saja terdapat beberapa perbedaan seperti adanya penggunaan
tag “()”* yang harus ditutup jika setelah digunakan yaitu dengan penambahan slash “/” setelah “
(body)
(/body)
(/html)
adapun juga (head)(title)ini judul(/title)(/head)* yang berguna untuk mengubah bagian bar atas IE ataupun web browser lainnya.
Juga ada beberapa hal lain seperti karakter-karakter khusus:**
^copy;=©
^reg;=®
^amp;=&
^times;=×
^divide;=÷
^lt;=<
^gt;=>
^frac12;=½

Pertemuan ke-2:
Pada pertemuan kali ini kami mempelajari hal-hal baru:
-pembuatan list berurut seperti numbering dalam mic.word
*(ol type=”1″ start=”5″)

(li)
1. ini nomor 5(/li)

(li)

2. ini nomor 6(/li)

(/ol)

-pembuatan list tidak berurut seperti bulleting dalam mic.word
*(ul type=”circle)

(/ul)

-pembuatan hyperlink
*(a href=”alamat tujuan”)(/a)
-pembuatan kalimat berjalan (marquee)
*(marquee direction=”right” behavior=”alternate”)Kalimat berjalan bulak balik(/marquee)
-penambahan gambar dalam html baik secara background atau sisipan dalam html itu sendiri , biasanya gambar yang ingin kita tampilkan harus sama tempatnya dengan tempat di mana kita men-save html itu sendiri
*(img scr=”alamat gambar”)
*(body background=”alamat gambar”)(/body)

Sedangkan pada sesi praktikum pertama:
kami diberi 3 kuiz yang harus dikerjakan, oleh kakak kelas… dan sebelumnya kami diberikan modul yang berisikan bagaimana cara membuat kuiz-kuiz tersebut…

NOTE:
*:penggunaan kurung di atas perlu digantikan dengan kurung siku < agar dapat berjalan dengan baik dalam pemrograman nantinya
**: huruf pangkat di atas ^ perlu digantikan dengan tanda “&” agar dapat berjalan dengan baik dalam pemrograman nantinya